President Of The United States - 1018 Words

President of the United States, a position in government that requires man to be truthful, trustworthy, and proper. A position that is forbidden for wrong, and improper beings such as criminals or law-breakers. In this case however, a man by the name of Abraham Lincoln was given the position not suited for him, and he has misused it to its core. Lincoln denied Habeas Corpus which is one of the many important rights that people have when imprisoned. He has denied the first amendment rights set forth by the constitution by destroying newspaper stands that he deemed were inappropriate, and having citizens arrested for simply standing up for what they believe in. Lincoln also disrupted the checks and balances system by dodging rulings of the Supreme Court whose main power is to keep each branch of the government in its constitutional boundaries. Abraham Lincoln needs to be removed from office due to the violation of the laws that were set forth by the Constitution of the United States. T o begin, Lincoln’s suspension of the Habeas Corpus not only took away the rights of the people, but it went completely against the United States Constitution. Habeas Corpus is the right of man to be tried in the court of law before officially being found guilty. Lincoln suspended the exercise of this right which then denied many imprisoned the right to be formally tried. One specific case is that of John Merryman. Merryman was imprisoned by the military for being involved in pro-confederateShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe president is the most important job in the United States. Not the ruler of the United States ,but have some power over the country. The president of the United States is a person who symbolize the country and leads the country by making decisions of what is the best thing to do. The president needs to know about the past history such as the conflict of World War I and II and different events that led to violenc e in our own country. The president of the United States needs to know how the systemRead MoreThe President Of The United States1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe President of the United States is a well respect and immensely powerful position. Every 4 years, a new president is elected. Many highly respect individuals hold competition for this career, presenting their ideas and beliefs for the American people to support or refute. The United States current president, Barack Obama, is ending is 2nd term in office. This starts the debate and discussion of who will take his place as president. Currently, there is an enormous selection of individuals who peopleRead MoreThe President Of The United States777 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many flaws in the actions of the President of the United States using executive action to shape policies for the United States, but congress plays a major role in the reasons why there are so many issues pertaining to the use of executive action. Another fl aw is that it is not spelled out in the constitution that the president is allowed to bypass congress on any issues that are not attended to. Congress makes a huge fuss about the president executing his executive actions but congressRead MorePresident Of The United States1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe President of the United States of America is literally the most important person on this planet. Why, you may ask? Well, that’s because, he is â€Å"in charge† of the most powerful and influential country of the world. Every decision he makes, in regard to America, can and will affect every other country in some sort of way. Presidents have so much power that every decision they make becomes news. Now, the next logical question would be, where does all this power come from? Who said it was okay forRead MorePresident Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to become president of the United States, one must meet several qualifications. These include being a naturally born citizen of the United States who is at least 35 years old and has resided in the U.S. for at least fourteen years. Hillary Clinton meets all of these qualifications. Clinton was born on October 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois. Her current age is 69. She was raised in Park Ridge, Illinois, which is a picturesque suburb located about fifteen miles from downtown Chicago (â€Å"HillaryRead MoreThe President Of The United States1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn every presidential election, political debates occur with the political party’s main candidate where they offer their views on running the country then citizens decide who should be the president of the United States. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale participated in their second debate against each other. Four panelists on the topic of defense and foreign policy issues would prompt the two candidates to certain issues of their concern. Some issues in the dispute that were discussedRead MoreTh e President Of The United States930 Words   |  4 PagesThe President of the United States, Jackson M. Washington, was six-foot three-inch’s tall, athletic build, salt and pepper graying hair; he was fifty-three years old. He had served in the Marines after College for four years and ended up getting out as a Captain after his first hitch. From there he started his political career by volunteering for certain candidates for Congress and the Senate that had a message that resonated with him. Back then he switched party affiliations often, like changingRead MoreThe President Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe leader of the country In the United States of America is called the President. The title President is derived from Latin, prae- before + sedere to sit. It originally designated the officer who presides over or sits before a gathering and ensures that debate is conducted according to the rules of order. The President is the brain for millions of gover nment workers in the Executive Branch. And as well chooses how the laws of the United States are to be enforced along with singling outRead MoreThe President Of The United States Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout United States history, the American people voted for the President of the U.S. and for members of both chambers of Congress, and the 2016 election is not an exception. On November 9th, Donald J. Trump was declared to become the 45th President of the United States by attaining 306 electoral votes, which is clearly past the threshold of the required 270 electoral votes. However, after winning the popular vote in states Trump had won, some electors from those states have expressed their disappointmentRead MorePresident Of The United States860 Words   |  4 PagesA president of the United States must perform various roles such as, Chief Legislator, Commander in Chief, Chief Executive, Chief of State, Chief of Party, Chief Administrator, Chief Diplomat, and Chief Citi zen. As the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton was a great president because of his performance in presidential roles and policies put forth during his presidency. According to Compton’s Encyclopedia, Bill Clinton was born in Hope, Arkansas. He attended several universities including

Brain Drain Essay example - 1778 Words

Brain Drain One of the major concerns of todays companies is the shortage of labor, especially in management. The baby boomers are nearing retirement age in the United States and the birth rate is dropping. These circumstances, coupled with the booming economy are the main causes of the labor shortage. There is a high demand for labor but the once seemingly bottomless pool of employees and managers that companies drew from has started to dry up. What are the factors that contributed to the problem and how are todays corporations going to handle this problem? The type of labor needed in todays society has been undergoing a constant change. There is an increase in demand for workers but there is a much greater demand†¦show more content†¦The projected increase in 55-64 year olds in the workforce from 1996 to 2006 is a staggering 54%. The projected change in the 25-34 year old bracket is -8.8%. These trends are not only true in the United States. Japan is also going to be coping with similar problems. Today the people over age 65 compose 16% of Japans population, but by the year 2020 it is projected that percentage will soar to 26.3%. Japan, just like the United States is going to have to attempt to retain some of this group in the workforce to compensate for the continually falling birthrate in their country. This problem is very true in Europe too. Since 1995 Germany, France and Italy have experienced a continual fall in working population ages 15-64. This trend is projected to continue into the year 2000. Our aging population is also choosing to retire much earlier than they once did. This is a factor contributing to the strong economy we are enjoying now. The old are growing older, living longer and they are healthier than ever. Breakthroughs in medicine have enabled people to live much longer. The advancements our pharmaceutical companies research and development departments have made are staggering. Diseases that once were a death sentence are curable. Organs that are failing in the human body can be replaced or rebuilt. ThereShow MoreRelatedBrain Drain And The Allure Of High Income Abroad1540 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction According to Merriam Webster (2015), brain drain is referred to as a circumstance where by all or the majority of geographic region and capable resources and skilled ,intelligent within a given area leave the area because of various factors that comprises lack of high paying employment. In addition brain drain is also mentioned to as capital flight of human. Brain drain in another way of defining it, refers to the leaving of skilled, professionals from one economic sector to anotherRead MoreThe Concept Of Brain Drain, Brain Gain And Brain Drain1104 Words   |  5 PagesBrain drain, brain gain and brain circulation. These have been terms that have often been used simultaneously when discussing the movement of students, academics, and scholars as they left their homes to study abroad, when they remained in their host countries, and when they continued to work both at home and internationally. Brian circulation has been the term used to describe the movement and mobility of higher educated people around the globe. It has been an increasing phenomenon that has affectedRead MoreBrain Drain5403 Words   |  22 Pages CONTENTS . * What is Brain Drain * Introduction of Brain Drain * Concepct of Brain Drain * How to stop Brain Drain * Solution Responsibility of Brain Drain * Influence of Brain Drain * Classification of Brain Drain * Problem of Brain Drain * Brain Drain in india * Globlisation of Brain Drain * Bibliography What Is Brain Drain? Brain drain is also known as â€Å"The human capital flight†. It can be simply defined as theRead MoreLebanese Brain Drain1155 Words   |  5 Pagessecurity that is in the country does not make Lebanon as stable as it should be. Therefore, how are these causes really affecting Lebanon? The emigration of important figures such as professionals and technicians reflects the extent of severity of the drain in Lebanon. Such problems are faced worldwide, and not just in Lebanon, but are also being solved. Lebanon’s government ceases to address such issues, and is ignoring the fact that the country is losing. Lebanese people are gradually leaving theirRead MoreImpact of Brain Drain on India4549 Words   |  19 PagesBIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE - PILANI K.K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS A Report On IMPACT OF BRAIN DRAIN ON INDIA BY 2010A3PS120G 2010A4PS257G 2010A8PS326G 2010A8PS419G Arihant Lunawat Rohan Kulkarni Nidhi Kothari YVK Shanmukh Kumar November 16, 2011 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE – PILANI K.K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS A Report On IMPACT OF BRAIN DRAIN ON INDIA PREPARED FOR Dr. Basavadatta Mitra PREPARED BY 2010A3PS120G 2010A4PS257G 2010A8PS326G 2010A8PS419G Arihant Lunawat RohanRead More Canadas Brain Drain Issue Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesCanadas Brain Drain Issue What is a brain drain? It is the emigration of highly educated and skilled Canadians to the United States. Does Canada suffer from a Brain Drain? This is a question that economists have been trying to answer for a decade now and have conducted different studies resulting to different conclusions about this issue. There are some economists that believe that yes Canada is suffering from a brain drain if not now it will be soon, amongst those economists are Don DeVortezRead MoreRole of IITs and IIMs in Brain Drain774 Words   |  3 PagesRole of IITs and IIMs in Brain Drain The UNDP estimates that India loses $2 billion a year because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S.[1] These are estimates for computer experts only. Add in to the many graduates from the IITs and IIMs who go to foreign countries for one reason or another and we are looking at some serious resource losses, in monetary terms as well as human resource capital. Considering the huge money from the tax-payers that goes in subsidizing the education at theRead MoreHow Does The Brain Drain Be Hot Potatoes Throughout The World? Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesFor years, brain drain issues have been hot potatoes throughout the world. â€Å"Brain drain† is also academically known as the human capital flight, refers to the large scale migration of highly educated, skilled and talented people of developing countries to highly developed countries of the world (Wikipedia, 2016). The brain drain originated in 1960, when most of human resources like scientists, engineers, and techn ologists emigrated from United Kingdom to America (Wikipedia, 2016). This phenomenonRead More Canadas Declining Health Care System and the Brain Drain Essays884 Words   |  4 PagesCanadas Declining Health Care System and the Brain Drain Canadas government-funded health care system in under attack. Despite the mandate of the Canada health act, which was meant to assure universality, comprehensiveness, equitable access, public administration and portability of our health care system, (Braithwaite 17), Canadians today make the issue of health care their most important political concern. One of the biggest crises the Canadian health care system faces is for strangeRead MoreThe Brain Drain and Revolution in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century China1633 Words   |  7 Pagesengineering and technology. Perhaps more important, though, many of these students later returned to China and became involved in the groundbreaking political and cultural developments of the era as well as the heated debates surrounding this change. â€Å"Brain drain,† therefore, works in both directions. For the late Qing and early Republican governments, interaction with foreign ideas not only helped revive China, but also helped th e nation transition from a multinational empire to a modern nation state. Ironically

Hotel Hilton Free Essays

The Hilton Worldwide Performance Advantage is an integrated system of innovative solutions and advanced technologies that work together to drive increased business and keep costs down, without comprising quality. Together, these seven services provide access to the latest tools, technologies, forward-thinking strategies, and the most influential people in the industry to create an unrivaled competitive advantage. Hilton Performance Advantage Benefits The Hilton Performance Advantage combines the power of scale, access, reputation, and innovation—delivered by the world’s premier hospitality company. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Hilton or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our system provides powerful resources across our portfolio of brands, delivering leading edge solutions to consistently drive profits and efficiencies. This solution creates a higher share of wallet, guest loyalty, and leading innovation making it easier for on-site personnel to focus on delivering a superior guest experience. Hilton Performance Advantage Services Hilton HHonorsâ„ ¢ Hilton HHonors is the award-winning guest-loyalty program for Hilton Worldwide’s ten distinct hotel brands, honoring its 27 million members by allowing them to turn points into experiences worth sharing. Learn more Hilton Worldwide Sales (HWS) A team of professionals are ready to help you build influential customer relationships and meet the demands of today’s Corporate, Group, and Leisure travelers. Hilton Reservations Customer Care (HRCC) Experienced team members provide 24-hour, multi-language global coverage in an effort to support and deliver business to your property. Global Online Services Reach travelers at every opportunity with the latest mobile, search, and online channels that place your property at their fingertips. Revenue Management Consolidated Center (RMCC) Revenue Management supports you in maximizing market share through price optimization, inventory channel management. Information Technology (IT) Technology is the foundation of the Hilton Performance Advantage, offering both you and your guests access to technology solutions such as reservations, Internet access, and entertainment. Hilton Supply Management (HSM) Our seasoned team secures you the best pricing, highest quality, and fastest delivery of the products and services your Hilton property needs. How to cite Hotel Hilton, Papers

JC Penney Marketing Research Outline Essay Example For Students

JC Penney Marketing Research Outline Essay J.C. PENNEY COMPANY, INC J. C. Penney Company, Inc. Is one of Americas largest department store, drugstore, catalog and e-commerce retailers. Providing merchandise and services through department stores, catalogs, and the Internet. Their targeted customers are Modern Spenders and Starting Outs, who shop for apparel, accessories, and home furnishings through the centers where JCPenney is located and through the convenience of catalog and the Internet. Starting Outs Less than 35 years of age Singles, young families 0-1 children Shopping patterns relationships emerging No strong retail loyalties 28% of U.S. households. Currently 16% of sales Potentially 30% of sales Modern Spenders 35-54 years of age Dual-earner households 0-2 children (often includes teenagers) Consumption oriented No strong retail loyalties relationships Retail loyalties more likely Established shopping patterns Time-starved 27% of U.S. households Currently 43% of sales Potentially 50% of sales Distribution *Catalogs J.C. Penney is the nations largest catalog merchant, with the most modern facilities and the largest privately owned telemarketing network in America. Serving this $4 billion catalog business are nearly 2,000 catalog departments in JCPenney department stores, Eckerd drugstores, freestanding sales centers and independent catalog merchants. *Internet J.C. Penney is in only its second year of Internet sales, and its going strong and growing. Sales jumped from $15 million to $102 million since the beginning of jcpenney.com. *Department Stores JCPenney has more retail space in major regional shopping centers than any other department store retailer in America, with about 1,140 department stores located in all 50 states. JCPenneys drugstore ECKERD has over 2,600 stores in operation in 23 states. PROMOTIONAL OFFERS Direct mail. An invitation to shop mailed to selected catalog customers. These promotions may be associated with a holiday or other special savings event, including many of our storewide events Sunday Supplement. JCPenney color inserts that are delivered with your Sunday or late-week newspaper. Newspaper Ads. Promotional offers are often supplemented by ads in your local newspaper. Catalog Inserts. Many of our Sale and JCPenney Signature Series catalogs contain special offers for limited-time savings that are bound into mailed copies. E-mail Promotions. Occasionally, Internet shoppers and subscribers receive updates and promotions via e-mail. These e-mails include Promotional Codes that allow online shoppers to use special promotional offers. J.C. Penney is the fifth largest retailer of general merchandise and the forth-largest drugstore chain. The company also operates a direct marketing services group with one of the highest growth rates in America. The companys 199 retail sales exceeded $32 billion. J. C. Penney employs 291,000 across America, Puerto Rico and Mexico. Words / Pages : 405 / 24 .

Music Recording Industry free essay sample

For centuries man had dreamed of capturing the sounds and music of his environment by means of music recordings. The road to successful music recording had not been smooth until the derivation of the music recording industry. Since the inception of the music recording industry, the way in which music is produced, distributed, sold and consumed have greatly changed so also has popular music changed over time. These changes resulted from new technology which was invented between 1890 and 1900 and paved way for entry, which In turn has caused significant structural shocks within the industry.The Sound Recording Technology invention has not only changed the way we listen, but has also substantially reduced the cost of production, reproduction and distribution of the industry product to the very minimum especially within the past 5 years. Although technology seems to pose an obstacle to entry into the industry, recently, the main barrier to entry over the past years has been radio airplay because of the cost associated with Informing consumers about the existence and the nature of products In the Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Recording Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Between 1900 and 1910, there was an integration of three large firms (Victor, Columbia andEdison) who controlled most audio-related products including playback devices and the audio products themselves and this served as a substantial barrier to entry. But it is possible for another technology of supply, high speed internet, might eventually offset this important barrier to new entrants into the industry. After 1910, the music recording Industry became the center of controversy involving (1) alleged price fixing by the major firms in the Industry and (2) massive alleged copyright Infringement by consumers, in what amount to a free-for-all over economic rents.The clash between he firm and their consumers has erupted in legal open warfare, with the Federal Trade Commission and courts finding the major firms guilty of overcharging consumers by nearly half a billion dollars in a scheme that maintain artificially high prices, and the industry suing hundreds of consumers for copy right In fringement according to Proof Peter J. Alexander in Market Structure of the Domestic Music Recording Industry.In 2003, The Business week online posted that, The Recording Association of America (ARIA the trade association for the music recording industry, issued hundreds of subpoenas aimed at individual consumers whom they alleged to e copyright violators. MARKET STRUCTURE Number of Firms The market structure of the music recording industry is made of five large international and integrated firms. These firms are Veined Universal, Sony Corporation, Time Warner, Mi Group and Bertelsmann GAG. These firms exhibit number of characteristics including dating back as far as the twentieth century.Also, with the exception of Time Warner, all the firms have been sold and bought many times. Additionally, each firm except MI Is part of a larger media with particular production, manufacturing and distribution. The largest among these firms is the Veined Universal Music which was created in 1998 from two major French firms, Polygraph and MAC. According to the Various Company Reports, represented by the table below, the Veined Universal Music is currently the largest music company in terms of market share and recorded music revenues.It owns the largest recorded music in the world, with over one million catalog of recorded music. Its operational activities include production, distribution and publishing of music as well as licensing of music copyrights. According to Proof Peter J. Alexander, in 2002, one out of very four compact disks sold worldwide was a Universal Music Group Product. Some of the Effendis other media holdings include Universal studios (motion picture), USA Networks (television) and Houghton Muffling (book publishing). Table 1. Worldwide Conglomerate Revenues of the Major Firms, 2002 Firm Total Worldwide Revenue billions) Veined Universal $57 Time Warner $18 MI Company Reports, 2002 | $60 Sony $41 Bertelsmann $0. 36 Source: Various Sony Corporation is a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate and its operational activities include production of Sony compact disks, distribution of recorded music and also publishing music. Sony Corporation is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets.Its motion picture, television, computer entertainment, music and online businesses make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment and technology companies in the world. Other media of the Sony Corporation are the motion picture houses Columbia pictures and Trim-Star pictures. According to Andrew Herman, Sony Corporation became presence in the music record when it bought CBS in 1988. Bertelsmann is a German multi media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gutturals Germany. It is the second largest global media conglomerate measured in terms of total revenue.Bertelsmann media holdings include books and magazine publishing, producing, manufacturing, and distribution of recorded music. It is also a major European television and radio broadcaster and content producer. Bertelsmann bought RCA in 1985, and that increased their interest in becoming a major presence in the music industry. Time Warner is a US based conglomerate and it is the second largest cable provider in the USA. It produces, manufactures, publishes and distributes recorded music. Time Warner also controls the publishing rights of over one million music titles.Other media holding include Warner Brother (motion pictures), WEB Network (television), HOBO (television), Time Life (magazine) and Warner Books. MI is a British conglomerate which also produces, manufactures, distributes and publishes recorded music. It is the second largest music publisher and comprises more than one hundred music label. The MI Group also has a major publishing arm, MI Music Publishing also based in London with offices globally. It is the least diversified among the other firms. According to Pro J Peterson, recently, four of these giant firms have been in negotiation to merge their recording business).In early 2004 Time Warner sold its Warner Music subsidiary to a new set of owners led by the Canadian Frogman interests. Combinations between any of these firms would have led to more concentration in that field. Barriers of Entry raisers to entry in the record industry are generally regarded as low. A number of independents have entered the market successfully over the last ten years. A number of artists signed to independent labels have featured in the singles and album charts. The Top 40 singles charts gained 540 new entrants in the year ending September 1993, 84 of which were from independents.The Top 40 album charts gained 272 new entries over the same period, 42 of which were from independents according to the British report on recorded music. A small independent record company has few sunk costs since recording, manufacturing, distribution and marketing can all be contracted out to independent third parties. Many costs have come down in recent years. For example, recording equipment of reasonable quality can be purchased for a few hundred pounds, allowing initial recording to be done way from the studio. At the smallest end of the market a recording can be made in a home studio.The combination of rapidly changing consumer tastes and a pool of artistic talent in the I-J provides opportunities for independents. Independents can compete against the majors in the signing of new artists in a number of ways. An Independent may concentrate on a particular type of music and be better placed than a major to spot new talent and make contact with an artist. Artists may be more attracted to an independent that has a good reputation in their type of music than to ajar (that is, they might be perceived as having more street creed).There appears to be a pool of people with experience of the record business that is willing to set up record companies, for example ex-artists, producers, artists managers or ax-employees of the majors. The reputation of these people may be sufficient to attract new artists. The independents often develop links with the majors. For example, if a new artist is successful but the independent cannot market the artist overseas, the independent may come to an arrangement with a major under which he artists recordings are licensed to the major, the artist is signed by the major, or the major takes some financial interest in the independent.Whatever the particular arrangements, there are likely to be benefits for both parties. The majors are interested in sharing in the A;R successes of the independents, while for their part the independents gain funds for further A;R. The risks to the artist of signing with an independent are reduced if this exit route is available. The option of outright sale to a major is also open to an independent. The major may be attracted y the existing artist roster, the back catalogue, the personnel or the name of the label. The possibility of a profitable exit from the market is an incentive for a new entrant The table below shows entrance of new firms to the music industry since 1983 Source: British 1994 report on recorded music Shares of the Market According to the BBC worldviews. Com up to 90% of the global music market is accounted for by Just five corporations: MI Records, Sony, Veined Universal, Time operate in all of the major music markets in the world. Each of the corporations maintains their headquarters in the US, the largest of the worlds markets.Of the Big Five, Veined Universal is the largest, with 29% of the market share and Unholy owned record operations or licensees in 63 countries. Its nearest rival is AOL rime Warner, with 15. 9% of the market share. Each of the corporations operates in a rarity of fields beyond recorded music, incorporating publishing, electronics and telecommunications, thus extending their influence to cover more markets within the global entertainment industry. In achieving their dominance in music sales, the Big Five each own a large portfolio of labels, from formerly independent labels to large regional operators in different oratories.The biggest exception to their domination of the market is in India, where the large film music market has so far defied these corporations. Africa has also proved to be a difficult market for the American-owned corporations, largely because the economic situation outside South Africa means a lack of profitable markets. In South Africa, Gallo Records is one of the biggest record labels, not only because of its representation of African music, but also from being exclusive licensee for Warner Music International. Ere Big Five are not always in competition with each other, and it is in their best tersest to act together at times.MI is the sole licensee of BMW material in Greece. A press material in May 2002 stressed that the deal would work well for both companies, with MI licensing some important internatio nal artists, and Bums Greek artists being looked after by a company with a much bigger local presence. Co- operation and partnerships, then, can yield not only greater profits, but maintain their status as corporate giants. Many well-known smaller labels are in fact owned by one of the Big Five companies. Nile labels are often started by entrepreneurs, the dominance of the major labels sakes large scale success difficult for these firms.And should they achieve a high degree of success, they excite to the predatory instincts of the large corporations. This gives the major labels a wider ranging repertoire in different geographical markets and musical genres. Juju Nile small labels will continue to exist, they become increasingly unable to grow Introit becoming part of one of the Big Five companies. This pattern looks set to continue into the future as the larger companies continue their strategy of acquisition, and potentially merge amongst themselves in an attempt to dominate the market even further.

Free Essays on Medieval Lyrics And Ballads

Recently, the term ‘ballad’ can be associated with everything from Solomon’s Song to an Aerosmith song. The dictionary defines it as a traditional story in song or a simple song. However, the medieval ballad is something of a different nature than that of the popular musical ballads of today. The definition of ballad in the medieval context is a narrative poem. The authors usually remain anonymous and the ballad is more often than not accompanied by dance (Gummere). This is not surprising considering the word ‘ballad’ comes from the Latin word ‘ballare,’ meaning ‘to dance’ (Dixon). Almost all ballads follow the same distinct criteria. They are all performed by a minstrel or troubadour complemented by music and are normally performed for an audience. All ballads tell a story with major themes of revenge, envy, betrayal, loyalty, and superstition, although they may touch on other subjects. These stories only focus on one major event and can be about the dramatic events of heroes or every day people. Though the bulk of the stories begin in the middle of an event, there is very little background information given (Knight). Characters rarely show any development and most stories lack detail. It is also important to know that there are there are three types of ballads: traditional ballads, broadside ballads and literary ballads (Dixon). Traditional ballads originated from ‘folk tales’ or other anecdotes told by peasants in England. These were most commonly passed by oral tradition. The broadside ballad is the traditional ballad’s cousin in many ways. These ballads were more common in urban or city like areas in the 16th century and were more likely to be printed and handed out instead of performed. The literary ballad is a combination of both the traditional and broadside types. These ballads appeared in the 18th century when ballads began to be published (Gummere). Medieval ballads, of course, ar... Free Essays on Medieval Lyrics And Ballads Free Essays on Medieval Lyrics And Ballads Recently, the term ‘ballad’ can be associated with everything from Solomon’s Song to an Aerosmith song. The dictionary defines it as a traditional story in song or a simple song. However, the medieval ballad is something of a different nature than that of the popular musical ballads of today. The definition of ballad in the medieval context is a narrative poem. The authors usually remain anonymous and the ballad is more often than not accompanied by dance (Gummere). This is not surprising considering the word ‘ballad’ comes from the Latin word ‘ballare,’ meaning ‘to dance’ (Dixon). Almost all ballads follow the same distinct criteria. They are all performed by a minstrel or troubadour complemented by music and are normally performed for an audience. All ballads tell a story with major themes of revenge, envy, betrayal, loyalty, and superstition, although they may touch on other subjects. These stories only focus on one major event and can be about the dramatic events of heroes or every day people. Though the bulk of the stories begin in the middle of an event, there is very little background information given (Knight). Characters rarely show any development and most stories lack detail. It is also important to know that there are there are three types of ballads: traditional ballads, broadside ballads and literary ballads (Dixon). Traditional ballads originated from ‘folk tales’ or other anecdotes told by peasants in England. These were most commonly passed by oral tradition. The broadside ballad is the traditional ballad’s cousin in many ways. These ballads were more common in urban or city like areas in the 16th century and were more likely to be printed and handed out instead of performed. The literary ballad is a combination of both the traditional and broadside types. These ballads appeared in the 18th century when ballads began to be published (Gummere). Medieval ballads, of course, ar...

Econometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econometrics - Essay Example The classical linear regression model is written such that the coefficients of the independent variables measure the sensitivities of the dependent variable on the independent variables. It is usually assumed that there is an error term which measures the unexplained variance of the dependent variable that is not accounted for by the independent variable. Therefore, only a proportion of the variance is explained by the regression analysis. c) Any particular normal distribution can be related to the normal distribution because the normality assumption allows us to perform statistical tests concerning the estimated parameters using the normal distribution and related tests involving chi-square, t-distributions and F-distributions. d) It is not appropriate to take natural logarithms of interest rates, expressed as percentages because natural logarithms of interest rates are taken to minimize autocorrelations and render the interest rates scale free. However, interest rates expressed as percentages are scale free and uncorrelated already and therefore there is no need to take natural logarithms again. e) The Durbin Watson statistic can be used to estimat... (http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/churvich/Forecasting/Handouts/DWTest.pdf) 2. a) Omitting a significant variable from a regression analysis overstates the marginal impact of other variables in the model. For example, lets consider the impact of education on earnings. This relationship can be written in the form of a regression model as follows: (1) (Greene, 2003: p. 9). The above regression neglects the possibility that most people have higher incomes when they are older than when they are young, regardless of their education. (Greene, 2003: p. 9). Thus overstates the marginal impact of education on earnings. If age and education are positively related, then the regression model will associate all the observed increases in income with increases in education. Therefore a better way to study the determinants of income is to include the effects of age in the regression as follows: (2) according to Greene (2003: p. 9) earnings tend to rise less rapidly in the later earning years than in the early ones. To accommodate this possibility, the above model can be extended as follows: (3) (Greene, 2003: p. 9). b). Regression analysis studies the relationship between two or more variables. One variable is considered independent while two or more variables are considered to be independent. (Anderson et al, 2005). The aim of the regression analysis is to measure how changes in the dependent variable are explained by changes in the independent variables. Including an insignificant variable as one of the independent variables may minimize the effects of the actual variable causing the variation in the independent variable. Like in the example above, if truly age is not a determinant of income as

Civil Disobedience. George Orwells 1984 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil Disobedience. George Orwells 1984 - Essay Example The capacity to think is what differentiates us from all other creatures that roam this earth. Our knowledge of the human beings is also what tells us that there are things beyond our grasp that make up for who we are and how we act in relation to our surroundings. Yes, I believe in the human spirit. I believe that there is a force much more than our tangible being that presupposes our need for the attainment of a life without constrictions or what most appropriately is, upright. This is a need that is the most fundamental aspect of our evolution simply because it is human nature. George Orwell’s 1984 is a terrifyingly realistic portrayal of a country manipulated by one party in such a way that they have reined supremacy over the people in a manner so cunning and much more egocentric than that of a monarchy.Winston Smith, the low-ranking official in the dominating party, is a representation of the human spirit. Overcome by the power and influence of Big Brother and the domination of ‘The Party’ he is the tamed voice of the internal screams of the people upon the knowledge of what is actually going on in Oceania. His outlook is one of optimism in the bleakest time. It is a yearning for an inkling of redemption even though it is almost something unthinkable given the circumstances of the time and the rampant greed and selfishness. The final conversation between O’Brien and Winston is a sad epiphany of a wishful thinking yet an admiring commentary on the perseverance of the human spirit despite overwhelming difficulties. O’Brien sarcastically comments on his unlikely optimism as being the last man of its kind. â€Å"Your kind is extinct;we are the inheritors. Do you understand that you are alone? You are outside history, you are non-existent†¦And you consider yourself morally superior to us, with our lies and our cruelty?† and to which Winston confidently replies, â€Å"Yes, I consider myself superior† (Orwell, p. 156). This conversation also discusses the principal notion of self over belief in any God. This is also what Emerson reiterates in his essay of self-reliance. â€Å"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, — that is genius† (p. 13). What compels us to do everything that we do is first based on how we feel and how we react to the outside stimulus. With or without religion there must be that something that guides us in what we do and that our relationship with other people persuasive unto what we a re capable of doing and what we refrain from. As Marx famously said, religion is the opium of the people. If a person follows everything religion prescribes without having to think for himself then he is nothing less than the people of Oceania who dismiss all the capricious and whimsical acts of their own government who were supposed to be their representative and protect them from all possible harms. â€Å"Men are infinitely malleable. Or perhaps you have returned to your old idea that the proletarians or the slaves will arise and overthrow us. Put it out of your mind. They are helpless, like the animals. Humanity is the Party. The others are outside — irrelevant† (Orwell, p. 156). This ideology is the basic premise that allowed ‘The Party’ to maintain their control over the people. This is the very idea that Winston stands against. It is a social commentary on how there are powerful people that makes manipulation possible. It is a government grounded on fear, cruelty and hatred. There is absolute lack of equality among the people. The very essence of Communism premise that the proletariats have to overcome and defeat in opposition to the bourgeoisie. â€Å"

Medical Coder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medical Coder - Research Paper Example They are like a very essential part of the health care industry and without them the industry cannot operate proficiently. What medical coders do is, whenever a patient receives any service from the physicians, the health care centre that has provided the facility to the patient needs to document the facility or service that they had provided to that particular patient. Then these medical coders receive the documented papers and extract the relevant information from it. Then they need to assign a particular CPT code for every type of medical facility provided. Then these bills are further being preceded by the patient’s medical insurance provider. Approximately, for all these health care facilities provided, there are more than 9000 CPT codes that are assigned. And not only this, the number of ICD codes is over 13500. Whereas, CPT stands for Current procedural terminology and ICD stands for International Classification of Diseases. ICD codes are assigned for the medical diagnosis. The medical coders generate reports after assigning the codes to inpatient and outpatients. The reports are useful for the management purpose in the hospitals, as well as the information is also used compensating the health care providers. These coders are hired by the hospitals themselves. The history of medical coders dates back to 1347 at the time of Black Death. At that time Sicily was facing the bubonic plague that had even reached to London causing deaths of almost 70,000 citizens of London by 1348 (Taylor, 2009). The plague was not ended at that time, it continued for almost 3 more centuries. At that time there was a London publication that used to publish the number of fatalities caused by this plague on weekly basis. The city government of London then used to trace the disease throughout the city. This is actually the earliest form of medical coding and classification of

Comparison of Capital Flows in Asia

Comparison of Capital Flows in Asia 1.1 Background of the Study Capital controls were widely used to prevent the free flow of funds between countries until the late 1970s. A cautious relaxation of such controls during the 1980s proved consistent with greater economic integration among advanced countries and strengthened the case for capital market opening more generally. By the early 1990s, capital controls appeared to be finished as a serious policy tool for relatively open economies. The conventional view about international financial integration is that it should enable capital to flow from high income countries, with relatively high capital labor ratios, to low income countries with lower capital labor ratios. If investment in poor countries is constrained by the low level of domestic saving, access to foreign capital should boost their growth and it would also allow residents of richer countries to get higher returns on their savings invested abroad. Openness to capital flows can expose a country’s financial sector to competition, spu r improvements in domestic corporate governance as foreign investors demand the same standards locally that they are used to at home, and impose discipline on macroeconomic policies and the government more generally. So, even if foreign capital is not needed for financing, financial openness, to both inflows and outflows, may create ‘collateral benefits’ such as domestic financial sector development which could enhance growth in total factor productivity[1]. Capital account liberalization in financially repressed economies often leads to a period of rapid capital inflows followed by financial crises with international financial integration and policy agenda for further liberalization of capital inflows. Concern has also been expressed as to whether the costs of increased vulnerability to financial fragility might not outweigh the gains from financial integration. But most of the countries continue to progress in dismantling capital controls to integrate their financial markets with the rest of the world. 1.2 Justification and Relevance of the Study Economic growth is thought to be a function of investment and other factors. The conventional belief is that foreign capital inflows bring new investible funds and foreign exchange with which the recipient country can achieve higher rates of investment and therefore growth. The role of foreign capital in economic growth is an issue that has provoked continuous debate. Foreign capital augments the total resource availability in a country, but its impact on investment and economic growth is controversial. If judiciously used, it could have favorable effects on economic growth through higher investment and other positive effects. But it is also possible that foreign capital investment might not yield any net benefit to the host country. Economic liberalization and globalization have resulted in rapid mobility of resources between nations as to reap the comparative advantage of the respective country. The 1990s saw a number of capital account crises in emerging market economies. The cris es, which were precipitated by a sudden reversal of capital inflows, occurred against the background of financial market deregulation, capital account liberalization, and financial sector opening. Deregulation and liberalization have undoubtedly brought about benefits in the form of greater financial resource mobilization for domestic investment and economic growth. At the same time, this has created new sources of vulnerabilities in the balance sheets of commercial banks, corporations, and the public sector. For Countries that are still in the process of opening the capital account, how best and how fast to proceed remains an unresolved issue. There is no presumption that the resource requirements of implementing a quick transition are either smaller or larger than those of managing a long transition process or administering capital controls. Developing effective regulatory framework takes time, but a lengthy process may create wrong incentives and distortions. A big-bang approach may be appropriate if a prolonged transition is likely to create resistance from vested interests or if different elements of the existing system are so dependent upon each other that a piecemeal reform is not possible without creating significant distortions. International capital movements can support long-term growth but are not without short-term risks. The long term benefits arise from an efficient allocation of saving and investment between surplus and deficit countries. However, large capital inflows may challenge the absorptive capacity of host countries in the short run by making them vulnerable to external shocks, heightening the risks of economic overheating and abrupt reversals in capital inflows, and facilitating the emergence of credit and asset price boom-and-bust cycles. The inflows expanded the available resources for funding productive investments and privatization, and for raising export capacity and helped finance current account deficits. They contributed to the development of domestic financial markets and the efficiency of banking systems. Foreign participation in domestic government securities markets contributed to liquidity of secondary markets and greater sophistication of financial services such as in Hungary an d Poland. FDI helps in transferring the managerial and technological skills, and strengthen domestic institutions. For the European Union accession countries, capital inflows are a mutually reinforcing factor in the process of integration into the European Union[2]. The long term capital flows, particularly of direct investment have been an important factor in the capital account surplus, and the trend of higher long term inflows has intended to be sustained. A major reason for this has been the success of adjustment programes adopted in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand in the mid 1980, after a period of instability. In these three countries, an overvalued currency was depreciated, large fiscal deficits pattern was repeated in the Philippines in the early 1990s. In all four countries, macroeconomic stabilization was accompanied by policies to open the economy to foreign trade and reform the financial sector[3]. As a consequence of the foreign capital surge experienced by a number of developing countries, since the early 1990s international economists and policy makers have been debating about whether foreign capital flows should be the object of specific policy. The debate crystallized around two opposite stances. On the one hand, there were those who claimed that capital flows were largely exogenous to the recipient countries and, in addition, very destabilizing. The implication of this view was that the economic authorities should design and implement policies to dampen the impact of capital flows on domestic macroeconomic variables. The opposite position departed from the assumption that capital flows largely respond to domestic variables, be they long-term i.e., those affecting the country’s risk premium, or related to short-term demand management. In either case, there is no need to worry explicitly about capital flows. Policy makers concentrate exclusively on improving domestic policies. An early, and influential, analysis of the capital surge to developing countries ascribes it mostly to the effect of falling international interest rates[4]. There were other factors as well, most of them exogenous to emerging economies. In particular, the recession in developed countries reduced rates of return on capital and made investors look for higher returns elsewhere. Likewise, since the Asian financial crisis, foreign capital has retreated from most emerging economies, regardless of the quality of domestic policies. In some cases, the sudden stop[5] has been particularly traumatic e.g., in case of Argentina and Chile. In Argentina, the sudden stop in capital flows created the fiscal and financial problems. In Chile, it has had less disastrous, although still quite unfavorable, effects. But in all cases, the reversal of the 1990s inflows has been dramatic, and it has been accompanied by a sharp deterioration in growth performance. Building upon Ricardo, the welfar e gains from the international partition of labor are widely acknowledged. The economic policy implication has been to remove exchange rate volatility to foster trade and growth. The impact of exchange rate volatility on trade among two or a group of countries has both a micro and macroeconomic dimension. From a microeconomic perspective exchange rate volatility, for instance measured as day to day or week to week exchange rate fluctuations is associated with higher transactions costs because uncertainty is high and hedging foreign exchange risk is costly. Indirectly, fixed exchange rates enhance international price transparency as consumers can compare prices in different countries more easily. If exchange rate volatility is eliminated, international arbitrage enhances efficiency, productivity and welfare. These microeconomic benefits of exchange rate stabilization have been a detrimental motivation of the European monetary integration process. Low transaction costs play an importa nt role for international and intra-regional trade and capital flows. 1.3 Research Questions We have discussed above about the need of international financial integration, liberalization of capital accounts and potential benefits of capital flows. Many countries in the world opened their capital account to reap the benefits of international capital flows for their economic development and growth. A number of studies have been done so far for the study of capital flows on different issues. Some studies are related with benefits and liberalization of capital account which are: does capital account liberalization lead to growth? by Quinn and Toyoda in 2008; why capital account convertibility in India is premature? by Williamson; financial liberalization and the new dynamics of growth in India by Chandrasekhar in 2008; analysis of the capital account in India’s balance of payments by Ranjan et al in 2004; capital account liberalization and economic performance: survey and synthesis by Edison et al. Some are about the capital flows and economic growth such as; FDI and econ omic growth relationship: an empirical study on Malaysia by Mun in 2008; and what makes international capital flows promote economic growth? an international cross-country analysis by Shen et al, in 2010. While others focused on the impact of capital flows on different macroeconomic variable which are; capital flows and their macroeconomic effects in India by Kohli in 2001; differential macroeconomic effects of portfolio and foreign direct investment by Gunther et al in 1996; effects upon monetary conditions, saving and the domestic financial sector by Henry and Tesar in 1999 and many others. An empirical study of the impact of capital inflows upon output growth has been done by Gruben and McLeod in 1996. The studies mentioned above give an idea about the capital flows and their relation with many economic indicators. These topics of capital flows give us keen interest to explore more and study extensively what could be the possible relation and effects with other variables. Capital inflow to Asian countries brought substantial benefit to them. These flows permitted higher levels of investment, facilitated the transfer of technology, enhanced management skills, and enlarged market access. The Asian countries adopted their policies to translate capital flows into capital formation and related imports, and thereby mitigated pressures on exchange rates. By successfully managing foreign capital flows, the East Asian countries could achieve high growth rates. Moreover, capital inflows which were a blessing to the East Asian economies in their development process, created problems in the nineties due to mismanagement. Countries with sound macroeconomic policies and well functioning institut ions are in the best position to reap the benefits of capital flows and minimize the risks. Some countries are gaining from the capital inflows while some others are having negative impact of this on their economies. India and China are the two emerging economic giants of the developing world. Both the economies have immense natural resources, skilled and unskilled, cheap but quality labor force, huge domestic market and above all the relatively stable political environment. Both the economies hence have vast potential to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to serve the local market and to become a more important part of the global integration. After China’s entry into World Trade Organization (WTO) China has emerged into the most attractive FDI destination in the developing world. India’s FDI is far below than that of China. Hence, to know more about capital flows in China and India, we have selected these countries for the study of their capital flows and managem ent. Apart from China we have selected Malaysia for the study. Foreign direct investment has been an important source of economic growth for Malaysia, bringing in capital investment, technology and management knowledge needed for economic growth. The most important benefit for a developing country like Malaysia is that FDI could create more employment. In addition, technology transfer is another benefit for the host countries. These three Asian counties attracted capital flows to reap the benefits of financial integration. Capital flows affect a wide range of economic variables such as; exchange rates, interest rates, foreign exchange reserves, domestic monetary condition and the financial system. The developments, which have been done in many Asian countries, have stimulated a keen interest to understand what have been the nature, trend, pattern and economic effects of capital inflows as well as the appropriate policy responses comparatively in the selected Asian Countries. Therefore, here, we are interested to know what have been the surges of capital flows in Asian countries. What caused a need of financial sector reforms in India? How and why liberalization was done and what are the recent trends and composition of capital flows in India? What has been the pattern of capital flows in selected Asian countries? And, further what is the relation of capital flows with exchange rate in selected Asian countries? What could be the policies to manage the flow of capital? To get the answer of the questions mentioned above, some objectives have been set to study and discuss in an appropriate manner. The objectives of the present study have been given below. 1.4 Objectives The broad objective of the present study is to analyze the capital flows comparatively in selected Asian countries. To fulfill the broad objective, there are some small objectives such as: To study the surges of capital flows in Asia; To study the financial sector restructuring, liberalization and capital flows in India; To analyze the trend and pattern of capital flows in India, China and Malaysia comparatively; To analyze the impact of net capital flows on real effective exchange rate and management of capital flows comparatively in selected countries; and To give policy implications. 1.5 Research Design and Methodology The present study is designed to have eight chapters including Introduction and Conclusion. The first chapter is an introductory chapter where the background and justification of capital flows has been given. This chapter gives us a glimpse of the whole study design including the methodology. Liberalization led to greater capital mobility to all the Asian countries and so we are interested to explore more about capital flows. Some objectives are set based on the research questions. To fulfill the objectives, chapter outline has been made. In the second chapter, theoretical perspective of capital flows has been given on various issues related to capital flows. In this chapter a literature survey of existing studies on capital flows has been done and explored what has been the nature, causes and outcomes of capital flows and what kind of financial system and policies are the best suitable to reap the benefits of capital flows. Then, in the third chapter, analysis of surges of capital f lows into Asia has been given. Causes of Asian crisis, consequences, restructuring and improvement of the financial system under various programemes has been given. Average annual growth rate of FDI flows in Asia had been calculated and analyzed to know the surges of capital flows in different regions of Asia. In the fourth chapter, financial sector restructuring in India under various schemes has been given. With the report of Narsimham Committee in 1991, various reforms have been done in money market and capital market. The details of these reforms, different policies improvement in financial sector and their impact on different market indicators has been discussed in this chapter. A discussion of liberalization of the market for international trade and capital mobility in India has been elaborated in the fifth chapter. In this chapter, the trend, pattern and composition of capital flows in India has been analyzed. Percentage of source-wise and industry-wise capital flows in India has also been calculated and analyzed in this chapter. In the sixth chapter, background of capital flows in India, China and Malaysia has been given. Origin and starting of capital mobilization and changing trend of different capital flows in these countries have been analyzed in this chapter. A comparative analysis of trend and pattern of capital flows in India, China and Malaysia has been done in this chapter. A comparative analysis of the relationship between exchange rate and capital flows in India China and Malaysia has been done in chapter 7. For the purpose of empirical analysis to see the impact of net capital flows on real effective exchange rate with some other explanatory variables, OLS method of multivariate linear regression model has been used. Unit root test to fulfill the stationary condition of time series has been done based on three methods; one is ADF test, second is Phillip-Perron test and third is KPSS. A comparative analysis of capital flows and the behavior of real effective exchange rate have been done and then the management of capital in these three countries has been discussed. Conclusion and Policy Implications is the eighth chapter which includes the crux of the present study followed by Bibliography and Appendix. 1.5.1 Countries for the Study The countries for the study of capital flows are chosen from Asia. Selected countries are: 1. India 2. China 3. Malaysia 1.5.2 Data Sources The data for the present study has been taken from various secondary sources. The data sources which have been used in the present study are given below: 1. World Development Indicators (The World Bank). 2. International Debt Statistics (The World Bank). 3. International Financial Statistics (IMF). 4. World Economic Outlook (IMF). 5. Publications of Reserve Bank of India like: i. Report on Currency and Finance. ii. Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy. 6. UNCTAD database. 1 [1] Eswar S. Prasad and Raghuram G. Rajan, â€Å"A Pragmatic Approach to Capital Account Liberalization†, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 22, Number 3, Summer, 2008, pp. 150-153. [2] See Inci Otker Robe, Zbigniew Polanski, Bany Topf and David Vavra, â€Å"Coping with Capital Inflows: Experience of Selected European Countries†, IMF Working Paper, WP/07/190, 2007, pp. 7. [3] Linda M Koenig, â€Å"Capital Inflows and Policy Responses in the Asian Region†, IMF Working Paper, WP/96/25, 1996, p. 6. [4] Also see Calvo, Leiderman, and Reinhart, 1993. [5] Calvo, Izquierdo, and Talvi, have felicitously labeled this term, 2002, pp. 3-4

Eli Whitney: The Inventor That Shook The Nation :: essays research papers

Eli Whitney, one of the first great American inventors, who had a very interesting inventing period. It pretty much didn't happen. But I'll explain that later. I chose Eli for a very good reason: I knew absolutely nothing about him. Well, other than the given, he invented the cotton gin. I've always enjoyed researching inventors, so it was either Mr. Whitney, or Robert Fulton. Happily I chose Eli. From studying Eli I hoped to learn about some of his other inventions, what inspired him to invent, in what conditions did he grow up and live in, and also what did his inventions lead to (as in other inventions or discoveries). Since I knew nothing about the E-ster when I began, I was eagerly soaking up information. So I knew nothing to be true or false when beginning. He proved to be a very interesting and almost tragic inventor. Now I'll get into the information part of it. Well, I may as well begin in the beginning . . . you know what I mean. Mr. Whitney was born on December 8, 1769 in Westborough, Massachusetts. He was one of the first great American inventors. It probably began early on because he always enjoyed toying with objects. He loved to build and take apart items. When he was twelve, he made a violin. Shortly after, when he was in his teens, he established a prominent nail making business. Later on, 1783-1789 to be exact, he taught grammar school in Westborough. When he'd had enough of that, he entered Yale in 1789, then graduated in 1792. After Yale, he journeyed to Savannah, Georgia to teach and study law. There he met Catherine Littlefield Greene. She invited him as a guest to stay in her home while he studied law. Eli believed he should start fixing things to earn his keep around the house. After many of the visitors to Mrs. Greene's house, a certain couple began to discuss the south and their needs. Eventually, the talk fell upon cotton, and how useless the cotton that grew there was. It took ten hours of hand work to separate the cotton from the seeds. That was when Mrs. Greene suggested they ask Mr. Whitney. She said: quote "Gentlemen, apply to my young friend, Mr. Whitney. He can make anything." Unquote. He watched how people would go about doing this and in ten days, he had created a prototype of the

Reaction Paper About the Guest Speaker

Reaction Paper about the Guest Speaker Last Wednesday, September 5, 2012, was our National Science Month Celebration with the theme: â€Å"Science in the K-12 curriculum, sustaining a better future. † Our guest speaker was born on July 15, 1965 in Cotabato City. She finished her study on Western Mindanao State University in 1978 as third honourable mention. She passed the examination for the qualifications on studying in Philippines Science High School and studied in Philippines Science High School-Diliman as a DOST scholar. She studied BS Agricultural Engineering in UP Los Banos on 1988 and passed the board exam as ninth placer.I was so amazed when I heard that the person in front of us talking got ninth place on an Engineering Board Exam. She is now a Provincial Science Officer in Cotabato Province. Her husband is Condo N. Pham Jr. and has 4 children. She is non-other than Engr. Normina B. Pham. Her topic is about innovation. She also shared about their reunion. Engineer sai d that in more than 240 elementary students passed the examination in Philippines Science High School, only 175 students graduated. Her classmates are now Vice President of Ateneo, bosses of young stars today, scientists that are finding cure to vaccines, AIDS, HIV and etc.She also talked about the birth of call center ten years ago. The call center’s birth is also the birth of cybersex which has clients all over the world. She also said that innovation must be replicated. You must deliberate the information you’ve got, have imagination and initiative. Students are more productive on imagination than teachers. She said that we should bring in changes in our community. Do better in what you are doing now. And I quote, â€Å"The Future depends on you. † -Reyel Joy E. Gauran III-Emerald

Amnesty is Already a Verb

Amnesty is Already a Verb Amnesty is Already a Verb Amnesty is Already a Verb By Maeve Maddox A reader questions a word she heard spoken by a Fox News announcer: [The announcer used] the non-word â€Å"amnetize† to mean â€Å"granting amnesty to.† Just to make sure that it is not a real word, I looked it up as â€Å"amnetize† and â€Å"amnitize.† How can we stop this grammatical ugliness before it spreads? There’s no entry for amnetize in either the Oxford English Dictionary or in Merriam-Webster. I checked the Ngram Viewer as well: no sign of it there. According to OED and M-W, the verb that means â€Å"grant amnesty to† has the same form as the noun: OED amnesty (verb): To give amnesty to, to admit to amnesty; to proclaim the overlooking of the past offences of (rebels). M-W amnesty (transitive verb): to grant amnesty to A Google search for the verb amnetizewith and without quotation marksgarnered only about 300 hits. The two contexts in which I found the verb form amnetize were in discussions of sports contracts and in posts critical of US immigration policy: What is the rush to amnetize Scola? To make room for Howard? That’ll be the subject of a third amnesty in a few years unless the bureaucrats amnetize-as-they-go. There isnt an Illegal Alien he won’t Amnetize!    the obama minions will soon amnetize 40+ million new voters Im sitting down to type an argument that says the Spurs shouldnt and wont amnetize Richard Jefferson this season. One writer questions the validity of the word even while using it; another encloses it in quotation marks to indicate that the word is being used in a nonstandard way: Obama and the democrats want badly to amnetize (is that a word?) all 12-20 million illegals. With the vast majority of ‘amnetized’ illegals voting Democrat, they will take the next presidential election. The kind of amnesty meant in the context of sports refers to â€Å"amnesty clauses† in contracts between players and franchises: The Amnesty Clause is a clause negotiated into the newly ratified Collective Bargaining Agreement between the players and owners which allows a team to release one player from their roster and be free of any financial obligations to that player.  This was added to allow teams to clear salary cap space in preparation for new salary cap rules.   A player who is released under this program is said to be â€Å"amnestied.† Sporting Charts Dictionary Note that this official definition uses the verb form amnestied and not amnetized. Bottom line: The standard verb that goes with the noun amnesty is amnesty, not â€Å"amnetize.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtUsed To vs. Use ToHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Profile of Serial Killer and Rapist Henry Louis Wallace

Profile of Serial Killer and Rapist Henry Louis Wallace Serial killer Henry Louis Wallace killing spree began in 1990 with the murder of Tashonda Bethea in his hometown of Barnwell, South Carolina. He went on to rape and murder nine  women in Charlotte, North Carolina between 1992 and 1994. He was arrested on March 13, 1994. After a subsequent trial and conviction, Wallace (a.k.a. The Taco Bell Strangler) was given death penalty on nine counts and is awaiting the sentence to be carried out. Early Life Henry Louis Wallace was born on November 4, 1965, in Barnwell, South Carolina, to Lottie Mae Wallace, a single mother. The home Wallace shared with his older sister (by three years), his mother, and his great-grandmother had no plumbing or electricity. Wallaces mother was a strict disciplinarian who had little patience for her young son. She did not get along with her mother, either, and the two argued constantly. Despite the fact that Lottie worked long hours at a full-time job in a textile mill, the family had very little money. As Wallace outgrew out his clothing, he was given his sisters hand-me-downs to wear.  When Lottie felt the children needed to be disciplined, and she was too tired to do it herself, shed often make Wallace and his sister get a switch from the yard and whip each other. High School and College Despite his volatile home life, Wallace was popular at Barnwell High School. He was on the student council and. His mother would not allow him to play football, so he became a cheerleader instead. Wallace enjoyed high school and the positive feedback he received from other students, but academically his performance was less than stellar. After graduating in 1983, he attended one semester at South Carolina State College and one semester at a technical college. At the time, Wallace worked part-time as a disc jockey, which he preferred to college. Unfortunately, his radio career was short-lived. He was fired after he was caught stealing CDs. Navy, Marriage And a Downward Spiral With nothing holding him in Barnwell, Wallace joined U.S. Naval Reserve. From all reports, he did what he was told to do and he did it well.  In 1985, he married high school classmate, Maretta Brabham. In addition to becoming a husband, he also took on the role of stepfather to Brabhams daughter.   Not long after he was married, Wallace began using drugs- and his drug of choice was crack cocaine. To pay for the narcotics, he began burglarizing homes and businesses. While stationed in Washington, he was served with burglary warrants for crimes  in the  Seattle  metro area. In January 1988, he was arrested for breaking into a hardware store, and later plead guilty to a charge of second-degree burglary. The judge sentenced him to two years of supervised  probation but according to his probation officer, Wallace blew off most of the mandatory meetings. In February 1991, Wallace broke into his old high school and the radio station where he once worked. He stole video and recording equipment and was caught trying to pawn them. In 1992, he was arrested for breaking and entering. Due to his near-perfect service record, Wallace managed to get an Honorable Discharge from the Navy when his criminal activity came to light, but he was sent on his way. Shortly thereafter, his wife him. In November of that year, he relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina where he found work at several fast-food restaurants. Wallace's Murder Time Line In early 1990, Wallace murdered Tashonda Bethea in his hometown of Barnwell, and then dumped her body in a lake. Her corpse was not discovered until weeks later. Wallace was questioned by the police regarding her disappearance but was never formally charged in her murder. He was also questioned in connection with the attempted rape of a 16-year-old Barnwell girl, but again, was not charged.In May 1992, Wallace picked up Sharon Nance, a convicted drug dealer and known prostitute. When she demanded payment for her services, Wallace beat her to death, then dropped her body by the railroad tracks. She was found a few days later.In June 1992, he raped and strangled Caroline Love at her apartment, then dumped her body in a wooded area. Love was a friend of Wallaces girlfriend. After he killed her, he and her sister filed a missing persons report at the police station. It would be almost two years (March 1994) before her body was discovered.On February 19, 1993, Wallace strangled Shawna Haw k at her home after first having sex with her and later went to her funeral. Hawk worked at Taco Bell, where Wallace was her supervisor. In March 1993, Hawks mother, Dee Sumpter, and her godmother Judy Williams founded Mothers of Murdered Offspring, a Charlotte-based support group for parents of murdered children.On June 22, he raped and strangled coworker Audrey Spain. Her body was found two days later.On August 10, 1993, Wallace raped and strangled Valencia M. Jumper- a friend of his sister- then set her on fire to cover up his crime. A few days after her murder, he and his sister went to Valencias funeral.A month later, in September 1993, he went to the apartment of Michelle Stinson, a struggling college student and single mother of two sons. Stinson was a friend of his from Taco Bell. He raped her and then, sometime later, strangled and stabbed her in front of her eldest son.On February 4, 1994, Wallace was arrested for shoplifting, but police had not made a connection between h im and the murders. On February 20, 1994, Wallace strangled Vanessa Little Mack, another Taco Bell employee, in her apartment. Mack had two daughters, aged 7 and 4 months at the time of her death.On March 8, 1994, Wallace robbed and strangled Betty Jean Baucom. Baucom and Wallaces girlfriend were co-workers. Afterward, he took valuables from the house and left the apartment, taking her car. He pawned everything except the car, which he left at a shopping center.Wallace went back to the same apartment complex on the night of March 8, 1994, knowing that a man named Berness Woods would be at work and would have access to Woods girlfriend, Brandi June Henderson. Wallace raped Henderson while she held her baby, and then strangled her. He also strangled her son, but the boy survived. Afterward, Wallace took some valuables from the apartment and left.The police beefed up patrols in east Charlotte after two bodies of young black women were found at The Lake apartment complex. Even so, Walla ce sneaked through to rob and strangle Deborah Ann Slaughter, who had been a co-worker of his girlfriend, and stabbed her 38 times in the stomach and chest. Her body was found on March 12, 1994. Arrest, Trial, and Aftermath Wallace was arrested on March 13, 1994. For 12 hours, he confessed to the murders of 10 women in Charlotte. He described in detail the womens appearances; how hed raped, robbed, and killed them; and spoke about his crack addiction. Over the next two years, Wallaces trial was delayed due to the choice of venue, DNA evidence from murdered victims, and jury selection. Proceedings began in September 1996. On January 7, 1997, Wallace was found guilty of nine murders. On January 29, he was sentenced to nine death sentences. On June 5, 1998, Wallace married a former prison nurse, Rebecca Torrijas, in a ceremony that was held next to the execution chamber where he has been sentenced to die. Since his conviction, Wallace has made several appeals in an attempt to overturn his death sentences. He stated that his confessions had been coerced and his Constitutional rights had been violated.  In 2000, North Carolina’s Supreme Court upheld the death sentences. His appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied in 2001, and in 2005, Superior Court Judge Charles Lamm rejected a further appeal to overturn Wallace’s convictions and nine death sentences.

A Political Life of Pablo Picasso Research Paper

A Political Life of Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The research paper "A Political Life of Pablo Picasso" highlights Pablo Picasso's political side of life. Pablo Picasso is one of the pre-eminent artists of the twentieth century, having mastered various art forms such as painting, sculpting, print-making, ceramic-making and stage designing. Alongside Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp, Picasso is considered to have revolutionized plastic arts in the early part of the twentieth century. His political commitments have been one of the most underexplored areas of his life and work. But new scholarship and evidence from exhibitions identify the political facet of Pablo Picasso. This essay will argue that though not much publicized or documented Picasso held strong political beliefs. This is evident from the events of his personal life and the content of his artistic works. Although art critics often suggest that art should transcend politics, this assertion does not always holds true. The most important event in Picasso’s life, whic h betrays his strong political sympathies, is his joining the French Communist Party in 1944. Picasso’s contribution to the party came via his three drawings of Maurice Thorez in 1945. He also gifted to the Communist town of Vallauris, his sculpture L’homme au mouton. The painting ‘The Peace Dove’, produced in the aftermath of the the Second World War is further evidence for the link between the aesthetics and politics of the great painter. Picasso’s deep involvement with Leftist politics is made obvious through his 1953 portrait of Stalin.

Why is stress such a major concern for employers today Essay

Why is stress such a major concern for employers today - Essay Example People, who can take it as an opportunity or challenge, can improve their performances and make a mark. The different factors that cause stress are known as stressors. The environmental stressors include economic, political and technological changes. Organisational structure is always influenced by economic environment of the country and this has been more closely realised in the current global financial turmoil. Because of economic slowdown in most of the developed nations, organisations have been forced to change their structure in the form of cost reduction, halting production and most importantly reducing employee strength by lay off or even permanent job cuts. This has created immense stress on employees. Their anxiousness gone to extreme high as their job security declined. Organisations are often forced to change their structure because of various political reasons. When a country is politically restless, organisational structure also becomes unstable because of that. For an instance, when East Germany integrated to West Germany many people were under stress of loosing job, changing organisational culture etc. Another important environmental factor is technological change. In this advanced age of information, everyday a new technology is getting invented. Because of these new technological inventions, an employee’s skill or experience might become obsolete at a very short period of time. Consequently, a person might come under huge stress of loosing importance in the current system of operation. Some times implementation of new technology in organisation leads to even reduction in number of employees if few of them found not suited for that new platform. These things make employees to come under huge mental stress. Role demands include the pressure of performing a job which the person is not supposed to do, when the role itself is not clear to the

Disseminating-Evidence Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disseminating-Evidence Project - Essay Example Conversely, induced hypothermia can also occur through non-invasive means, typically involving the use of a chilled water blanket, leg wraps or torso vests placed in direct contact with the skin of the patient. Previously conducted studies indicate that patients with the potential risk for ischemic brain injuries have immense chances positive outcomes when treated with an induced hypothermia protocol (Binks et al. 2010). This paper will examine the medical protocol of induced hypothermia, discussing its inherent advantages on neurological outcomes. The paper will provide an account of induced hypothermia, describing the different protocols and effects of hypothermia on the human brain. The paper will culminate with a comprehensive dissemination plan that entails a roundtable discussion. Since its inception, induced hypothermia protocols have proved quite effective. Background Medical practitioners have applied hypothermia therapeutically since ancient times. The history of induced hy pothermia dates as far back as the Hippocrates era although the first published medical article on induced hypothermia was in 1945. The world’s initial modern doctor i.e. Greek physician Hippocrates endorsed the packing of injured soldiers using ice and snow. Napoleonic surgeon Dominique Jean Larrey observed that officers kept near fire had lower survival chances than officers kept in cold environments. The study first published in 1945 focused on the impacts of hypothermia on patients affected by head injuries. In the mid 20th century, hypothermia obtained its initial medical application used in intracerbal aneurysm surgery with a view to establish a bloodless field. Notably, most of the initial research into induced hypothermia concentrated on the application of deep hypothermia i.e. applications of body temperatures between 20-25 Â °C. This extreme drop in body temperature produces an array of effects that made the application of deep hypothermia quite impractical. The 19 50s also saw intense investigation of mild forms of induced hypothermia, i.e. 32-34 Â °C. During this period, Dr. Rosomoff exemplified in dogs the advantages of mild hypothermia pursuant to a traumatic brain injury or ischemia. Researchers conducted further animal studies in the 1980s showing the capacity of mild hypothermia to function as a general neuroprotectant, especially after obstruction of blood flow to the brain (Sessler, 2005). In 1999, after a skiing accident Anna Bagenholm’s heart stopped beating for at least three hours during which her body temperature was 13.7 Â °C prior to resuscitation. In addition to animal studies, as well as Anna Bagenholm’s misfortune, there have been at least two landmark studies published in 2002 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Both studies demonstrated the benefits of applying mild hypothermia following a cardiac arrest. Subsequently, in 2003, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILOR) and the American Heart Association (AHA) endorsed the application of mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Presently, a growing number of hospitals worldwide incorporate the recommendations of AHA/ILCOR and embrace hypothermic protocols in their standard care packages for patients who suffer cardiac arrest. Certain researchers further contend that induced hypothermia is a better neuroprotectant after obstruction

Work-Related Project Analysis Essay Example for Free

Work-Related Project Analysis Essay Note: Usethe same project addressed in the Work-Related Project Analysis, Part II. Consider this as a follow-up, incorporating the transition from design to implementation for selected business system at the department or division level. Write a 1,400- to 2,100-wordpaper describing the development and implementation stages for the situation specified in previous weeks.Include the following:  · A discussion of major activities, including coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support.Include specific descriptions of how each activity would be planned for the individual project. Provide reasonable assumptions where needed.  · A discussion of benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for implementation Include 3 to 4 references relevant to the assignment, in addition to the assigned readings. These should relate to the best practices in the area being discussed this week. References should not only provide definitions to  the words used, but also validate your discussion in the paper. Format your paperconsistent with APA guidelines. AS you already know, there are as many ways to succeed in college as their are to fail. The important thing is to know yourself and create a college plan that works for your lifestyle, your learning style and work ethic. Us the tips from the article above to create your own winning c To download this tutorial follow the link https://bitly.com/12BNn3Z AS you already know, there are as many ways to succeed in college as their are to fail. The important thing is to know yourself and create a college plan that works for your lifestyle, your learning style and work ethic. Us the tips from the article above to create your own winning college strategy. Business General Business Individual Work-Related Project Analysis, Part III Resources: Work-Related Project Analysis, Parts I and II Note: Usethe same project addressed in the Work-Related Project Analysis, Part II. Consider this as a follow-up, incorporating the transition from design to implementation for selected business system at the department or division level. Write a 1,400- to 2,100-wordpaper describing the development and implementation stages for the situation specified in previous weeks.Include the following:  · A discussion of major activities, including coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support.Include specific descriptions of how each activity would be planned for the individual  project. Provide reasonable assumptions where needed.  · A discussion of benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for implementation Include 3 to 4 references relevant to the assignment, in addition to the assigned readings. These should relate to the best practices in the area being discussed this week. References should not only provide definitions to the words used, but also validate your discussion in the paper.

Comparision Of Ssadm And Ethics Using Nimsad

Comparision Of Ssadm And Ethics Using Nimsad In this chapter, we going to describe and compare two interesting methodologies named ETHICS Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems. and SSADM (Structured System Analysis and Design Methodologies). ETHICS is a methodology used to solving problem in various field in ethical approach and SSADM is a methodology used to solve problem in Information System. Here there is a comparison between these two methodologies to understand what are the process undertake in those methodologies. There is also discussion about some limitations as well as benefits of two methodologies. For comparing those two methodologies NIMSAD method is used. NIMSAD (Normative Information Model-based Systems Analysis and Design) is a framework which is mainly used for evaluating methodologies. NIMSAD methodology will use four elements to evaluate those methodologies. These methodologies have several advantages as well as several disadvantages, so here there is a discussion about that i n details. Here there is also having description about how the development process is going on in both the methodologies. When evaluating these methodologies we discuss about the problem situation, who is the problem solvers and Problem solving process. ETHICS: ETHICS is an acronym that has an ethical approach to solving problem. ETHICS is introduced by Enid Mumford (Manchester Business School) in the year 1969. Since then, ETHICS was used intensively in both industry and health service (Mumford, 2003). ETHICS is mainly support human Participation (Avison Fitzgerald, 1995) and also it has Socio-Technical Character. During the development process, Ethics helps to the users to find it easier to accept the new system and also help them to get involve into the new system. Due to this, Job efficiency will increase and also leads to higher job satisfaction. The past traditional systems are considered only about economic and technical factor, so it leads to get failure. This led to the appearance of a socio-technical approach, according to which, a system to be successful and effective it has to fit close with the social and organizational factors (Mumford, 1983). The objectives of ETHICS are to create effective, efficient and acceptable Systems. ETHICS also ensure that the design task achieves good organizational design and technical design. ETHICS ask the development people to communicate and share their ideas with team membes.This will brings efficient output at the end. ETHICS methodology is mainly looking for job satisfaction and both short and long term efficiency. It mainly helps to find problems of existing systems and setting efficiency and social objectives for new system. Finally design the new system and implement it. To perform these process, ETHICS group consist of managers, users and technical experts. Ethics Methodologies consist of some stages to create a new system efficiently and effectively. Those stages are explained below step by step: Step 1: Why Change? The design group is finding the drawbacks in current systems and discusses to get answer for the question why do we need to change? (Mumford, 1993). This gives answer to the design group that why they going for new system. Step 2: System Boundaries This step mainly used to identify the boundaries and how boundaries are connected with other systems and also how it interacts with other systems. Step 3: Description of Existing System In this step, design group members all should understand how the existing system works. Before starting to develop new system, they should have knowledge about existing system to start new one perfectly. Step 4: Definition of Key Objectives: The main aim of this stage is to identify the main objectives for the design group to develop new system. Depend on this objective only they will start to do work. Step 5: Definition of Key Tasks In this step, they will identify the main task which they have to follow. These tasks will be helpful to achieve the above planned objectives. Step 6: Key Information Needs This step mainly used to identify the information needed to carry out the tasks. Step 7: Diagnosis of Efficiency Needs Here the design groups identify the weak links in old system and have to prepare document for that weak link. Weak links are in the existing system which prone to error. These drawbacks are eliminated when developing the new system. People who all are outside the team can also find efficiency needs and they will involve in the development process. Step 8: Diagnosis of Job Satisfaction Needs ETHICS mainly aims to achieve high job satisfication and also it identify the user needs and search the ways to satisfy the user needs. This step will give oppertunity to other people to involved in the development process. Step 9: Future Analysis When developing the new system, development people should not concentrate only to overcome the existing problem. They also have to concentrate about future need that should useful be useful for different environment in future. . Step 10: Specifying and Weighting Efficiency and Job Satisfaction Needs and Objectives This step says that everyone in the organization should involve for development process to fulfill the objectives. Mumford finds that this step is very important in this methodology. Step 11: Organizational Design of the New System This step will helpful to satisfy the objectives and to achieve job efficiency. This step is said as logical and conceptual design for the new system. Step 12: Technical Options The physical design of the new system is used in this stage. After investigating and evaluating technical options, finally some options are most suitable to fulfill the project objectives. Step 13 Preparation of Detailed Design Work Here the new is designed in detail and they will prepare perfect documentation from previous steps. The task and responsibilities are allocated to the several groups. All developing people will have effective relationship when they doing the process. Step 14 Implementation This is the most important stage. After developing the successful project, developing team should implement the new project. Step 15 Evaluation After implementation, the system will evaluate to ensure the new system satisfy the objectives. The system should be efficient and effective. SSADM: SSADM is a water fall method that flows a structured approach to the analysis and design of information systems. SSADM is mostly concerned with describing data and processes through data flow diagram. In the year 1981, SSADM is used as mandatory method in UK for their project development. Later other countries and most private organization start to use SSADM (Ashworth et al, 1990). It is an efficient method to explain description in dataflow model. SSADM helps the project development team to understand the following questions: 1) What is to be done? 2) When is to be done? 3) How is to be done? 4) Where the resultant informs is to be documented? (Bentley et al, 1995) The basic assumption that systems have an underlying, generic, data structure which changes very little over time (Ashworth et al, 1990). This is called as data-driven method. There are several SSADM techniques available all grouped together and form framework of sequent stages. These stages will have many inputs and it will get corresponding outputs (Aktas, 1987; Ashworth et al, 1990; and others). The framework has some component like Structures, Techniques and Documentation. Structures will define all the stages in development process. Techniques shows how development team implemented there product. And the documentation will contain details of the development process. It will be used for references in future (Ashworth et al, 1990; Bentley et al, 1995). The users should need experience and help from developers to use this application. SSADM approach consists of two phases. They are: 1) System Analysis phase 2) System Design phase In System Analysis phase, there are three modules. Those modules are used to study the proposed system and finding requirement by analysing current system. Then they will set possible solutions for the system requirement. Until getting technical options, they have to analysis the requirement. In system design phase, after getting technical solutions developers will look for logical design. After finding logical design it transformed to systems physical design and to get physical design they will use different methods and techniques (Ashworth et al, 1990). The SSADM methodology consists of seven stages. Every stage is followed by reviewing to assure that the goals were achieved. Now we can see detail view about those stages. Stage 0: Feasibility Study In this stage, development team analysis and determine about the project is possible by the technologies and they determine whether project is financially justified or not. Here they will define the problem statement. The project should accepted by all people not only users and development team. They will set boundaries and analyses the problem and the boundaries are set by using data flow diagram. Stage 1: Investigation of Current Environment This stage is to analysis the requirement. In this stage, analysts understand system requirements and interviews employees and users about how to fulfill the requirements. They will also studies previous documentation for the reference. If there is no feasibility, they will investigate feasibility here. Stage 2: Business System Option Business system option is one of the requirement analysis stages. This stage will define boundaries of the solution and also define input and output. The transformation of the data all processed inside the system. Business system option will be founded in the previous stage and it may be the solution for system requirements. Analyst will collect some business system options and show to the client. Client will select any one from that. During this Stage 3: Requirements Definition This is requirement specification stage and it will be used to combine outcomes from first stage with selected business system option. It will lead to develop specification of the system. The specification will say that what the system going to do. Stage 4: Technical System Option Technical system option will be same like business system option but here they will have number of implementation options. In those implementation options developers will select most suitable solution. This option is evaluated by system performance, financial and time needed to implement the system, etc. This is logical system specification and it will be last stage of the analysis phase. Stage 5: Logical Design Last stage have been analysis about the logical deign but stage 4 only concentrate on technical implementation. This stage will have details about human factor. The designers will decide how the system has to interact with user. Output will be in commands, User interfaces and menus. Stage 6 Physical Design This is the final stage of SSADM methodology, In which implementation process will take place. Here developers will connect all outcomes of previous stages and give final output of the system. So finally developing team will pass the project to implementation. NIMSAD: Before comparing above methodologies we can see details about NIMSAD methodology and its elements. NIMSAD is a Meta framework that is used to evaluate the methodologies, structures, etc. This is special methodology for Information system development methodologies. But it will used in wide area. Methodology is defined as an explicit way of structuring (rationalizing) thinking and action, involving both critical and creative thinking (Jayaratna, 1994, p. xi). NIMSAD framework uses four elements to evaluate methodologies. The four elements are: 1) Problem Situation 2) Intended problem solver 3) Problem solving process 4) Evaluation In evaluation, it will evaluate all other three elements. Evaluation consist of two parts, they are internal evaluation and external evaluation. Internal evaluation means that it evaluates the methodology which is planned itself. External evaluation will consider about feedback, industrial reference, etc. Problem Situation: Here Organization will act as a framework for the information systems. It will found efficiency of Information systems. During the development process they will have interaction between the development members as shown in figure. Here they will investigate or examine about the present problems situation. FIGURE: 1 Intended problem solver: Intended problem solver also called as methodology user. The success of the project is mainly depending on problem solver. Even though methodology is more efficient, the successful implementation is depending on problem solver. The problem solver is not only from the organisation, they may be from outside the organisation. The problem solver may be designer, implementer, consultant or, etc. Problem solver will think in different view of methodology to make it efficient. FIGURE: 2 Problem solving process: Problem solving process is mainly used in all the methodologies. Without this element we cant perform any operation. In this process, they will consider about analysing and evaluating about existing system and finding problems in the existing system. Here they will maintain all process through either in diagrams or by documentation. After finding problems then they will analyse about requirement of the project and then after getting system requirement they will start to design the project. Then finally have to implement the new sytem to the environment. It should accept by society and it should be efficient to all people who all are can use the project. In problem solving process, there are three phases and these phases have divided into some sub stages as given below: 1) Problem formulation Stage 1 Understanding the situation of concern Stage 2- Performing the diagnosis Stage 3 Defining the prognosis outline Stage 4 Defining problems Stage 5 Deriving notional systems 2) Solution Design Stage 6 Performing conceptual/logical design Stage 7 Performing physical design 3) Design implementation Stage 8 Implementing the designs These three phases are mainly used for analysis, design and implementation of the project. Problem formulation: In first phase, Development team will find the boundary and analysis about the project. They will analysis about what are the problem will occur and finds solutions for that problem. In Problem formulation they will understand the concept of new system. Without having knowledge of new system they will not start to do work. Solution Design: In Solution design phase, logical design and physical design are take place. Here they will design as they planned in the previous phase with logical and physical design technique. Without completing first phase they wont come for second phase. Design implementation: In this phase, the designed project is implemented. Comparison of ETHICS SSADM: As said earlier, this section will have compare of both ETHICS and SSADM methodologies by using NIMSAD method. Problem Situation: To get an efficient output at the end, problem situation is one of the very important elements in ETHICS methodology. Here the developers in organisation all are communicate and share their thoughts each other and they will analyse about why they going for the new system. They will also find what the drawbacks are in present system. Here they will identify the boundaries, which are interacts with other systems. In SSADM methodology, analysts investigate about the problems with client. The analysts will be the technical person. By investigating the problem they will determine whether it is possible by technology or not. They will have all problem descriptions in data flow diagram, which is used to identify problem easily. During this stage, will have interview with both users and employees to analyse about the problem. When comparing with ETHICS, here they will analyse about client problem that means they will interact with client about their problems. Where in ETHICS, team analyse about existing systems drawbacks to overcome present situation. In SSADM, they only use dataflow diagram for reference but in ETHICS they will maintain detail description drawback of existing system. Intended problem solver: In ETHICS, each and every member in the project development as well as outside the project management team is all problem solvers. Here to improve the efficiency of the project, members from outside the project management team also involved in development process. They will identify the weak links in old system and inform to the development team. Everyone in the team as well as people from outside the team identifies the user needs and they will search the ways to fulfil the user requirement. So that outcome will be very efficient and it will satisfy the user needs. The developers and project managers are the problem solvers in SSADM methodologies. SSADM methodology mainly depends on technical aspects. So only developers only can think about situation and can analyse about problems. Here new users cant understand anything perfectly, so new users should need help from some experienced technical people. These problem solvers also need social skills to make project very efficient. When comparing SSADM with ETHICS, Other people (outside the team) cant involve into the process. In SSADM, only technical members in a team only can interact but in ETICHS members from outside the team are also the problem solver. Problem solving process: Stage 1 Understanding the situation of concern In ETHICS, team members and managers should understand what problem is present in the present system. Without understanding problems, they cant set objectives and they cant start to develop the new system. As discussed earlier, here project team find the answer for the question why do we need to change?(Mumford, 1993). Here the users, managers and technical peoples are all identify and originate the problem (Jayaratna, 1994). They will refer the old documentation and analyse the existing system for understanding about the drawbacks. In SSADM, They will construct the boundaries for understanding the problems. Dataflow diagrams are very helpful to construct the boundaries. Its very difficult to understand everything using DFD diagram, so this process are establishes the hidden boundaries. In this stage, ETHICS also construct the boundaries and they will connect boundaries with other system to communicate or share the boundaries. So both methodologies are constructing boundaries to get clear idea about project Stage 2- Performing the diagnosis In ETHICS, two dynamic processes are interacts with each other. First process is situation of concern; here they will understand the problem in existing system and second process is problem solvers idea. Here problem solvers will also identify weak links and inform to development team, they will prepare document for the weak link. Here they will give problem situation in diagrammatic view that helps to problem solver to identify the problems. They will also refer the existing systems document to understand about the problem solution. Dataflow diagram is mainly used in SSADM methodology. This diagram is very useful give clear idea about how formal data are flow. These dataflow diagrams will say how data is processed and also have details about logical data model and logical data flow model. In this stage they will indicate only regularly or frequently used pattern. So in ETHICS there will be clear idea about situation because they will maintain full document perfectly and clearly. But in SSADM only dataflow model representation so it is not efficient when comparing to that methodology. Stage 3 Defining the prognosis outline Prognosis is a process used to understand reasoning for change. It is not full description of new project. So in ETHICS, developers, managers and users should understand why they going for new system. Without reason or drawback they will not going for new system (as discussed earlier). Here developing team should analysis about drawback of existing system. This step is key step for newly proposed system. If there is no reason for developing new project then they will stop planning to develop the new one. Where in SSADM, prognosis is not necessary because new system will develop depend on client requirement. So client only know what they want. But here client will choose different Business Systems Options depend upon their needs. So in this step SSADM will be deferring from ETHICS methodology. Stage 4 Defining problems Defining problems is a stage used to identify gap between current state and wanted new state. Here developing team will examine what the things are missing in current state. So that they can rectify problem in desired state and this stage is depend on both diagnosis and prognosis. In ETHICS, developing team will analyses about how existing system works and what are the drawbacks available. Then they will find why they going for new project. Depend on problem definition only team members can set key objectives for the new systems. In SSADM, very early they will define the problem in feasibility study. Even they are defining the problem they are not clear because they dont have prognosis. Depend upon user requirement only they going to develop the new system. But in ETHICS they should define the problem before start to develop the new system. Here they dont have clear idea about why they going for change in current system because client only know about all details. Stage 5 Deriving notional systems: Deriving notional systems is a process used to identify requirement of a system. If system requirement is identified then it is more possible to conversion of current state to desired state. In ETHICS, they first investigate what are the drawbacks to overcome and then they will analyse about whether system requirement want to change or dont want to change. Here they will also analyse about technical options like hardware, software, etc. If they have enough requirements already they will start to do work. The requirements are gathering from the client in SSADM methodology. So this will be heavy advantage in this stage. After collecting requirement from client, developers will start to investigate about requirements and weather it is possible to complete the task or impossible. If they have all system requirements and other requirement then they will start to develop the new system. When developing new system, each and every time they will shows to client to check feedback from them. It is easier way to understand what the client wants. Stage 6 Performing conceptual/logical design: Most of the methodologies are using dataflow diagram, Logical data diagram, ER diagram for explain the process and define roles for individuals. The DFD is mainly used to say the information is passing and logical data diagram used to show what information is stored and how it is interacting. This diagram is mainly used in SSADM because that methodology mainly depend on diagrammatic view when comparing to ETHICS. This stage is much similar to conceptual/ logical analysis. In order to increase efficiency and to achieving objectives this stage will be useful. But in ETHICS, they will prepare documentation to have details about developing project. They mostly will not use diagrammatic representation like DFD and ER diagram but have all details in documentation. This stage will used to achieve job efficiency and it will satisfy the objectives. This stage will be more helpful to SSADM methodology because this methodology will mostly use DFDs to describe the process. SSADM is also useful for structured dialogues. The logical diagnosis diagram is modified to get this design and the diagnosis diagram is modified depend upon users requirement. In ETHICS this stage mostly not useful but in SSADM methodology this stage will be very helpful. Stage 7 Performing physical design: This stage is mainly used to understand about what are the things require for developing new project. Here in ETHICS they will investigate and evaluate the available technical option like Hardware, Software and User Interfaces, etc. This stage will be very useful the achieve the objectives. In SSADM methodology, here developers will use all the stages to get final design. This stage is mainly depending on technical side. End of these stage programmers will start to develop the project and implementation process also will start. But ETHICS methodology used to in all field where as SSADM is mainly focussing on technical side. So it is very big drawback in SSADM. Stage 8 Implementing the designs: This stage is final to give successful project to the environment. After implementing they have to train the users to say how to use the system and then integrate the new system into the environment. In ETHICS, depend upon the requirement they will use several tools and they will implement the project. We cant say specific stages to implement the project because requirement will be defer from each and every project. In SSADM, depend on user requirement they will develop the project and implement it. Evaluation: After implementing the project, finally have to evaluate that because simple execution of methodology is not efficient. It should be more helpful and it should be efficient in environment. Evaluation is mainly used to find what are the things have to change in new system and why they have to change the system. Problem situation, problem solvers, problem solving process these are the elements going to evaluate here. After developing the project it will evaluate how the methodology helps to develop that particular project. When evaluating these elements if they not satisfy with any process means they will start to do from first stage. At initial stage they will evaluate everything and plan to do project and also there is a chance to evaluate during the developing stage. As discussed earlier, in ETHICS after finishing implementation they will start to evaluate because they have to know whether new system is effective or not. And also they will evaluate whether it satisfy the objectives or not. If something is missing from objectives means they will start to rework the project and then re-evaluation will take place until they satisfy with their development. Where in SSADM there is no evaluation is take place because there is no objective to the developers. Here the developers are show the output of each stage to client and get feedback from them. So it wills satisfy the client in that way. Developing team no need to evaluate those things here. Conclusion: This above report is compared very important and interesting methodology named SSADM and ETHICS. Both methodologies are very useful in different fields. But ETHICS is mostly used in wide area but SSADM is for Information Systems. These two methodologies will have several benefits and also have several drawbacks. In both methodologies, people who are in developing team should need experience to develop the project. Without experience if they started to do develop then it will leads to failure. In this section, there is a comparison between two methodologies in several ways. In ETHICS mostly developing people will maintain document for having detail about developing process and for describing drawbacks, etc. but in SSADM they will use dataflow diagram for maintaining details and for showing operation flow. But these DFDs are not useful for different type of problem like web application, decision support, etc. In SSADM structured approach are used for designing and modelling but ETHICS is fully uses organisational framework. SSADM will have feasibility, analysis, logical design and physical design and Ethics will give job satisfaction as well as it will improve efficiency. SSADM will use waterfall model(Software Development Life Cycle model) in designing stage. So that at the end of development process they will prepare document for reference. In ETHICS, according to Objectives they will start to do work and also they will follow fifteen stages. According to that fifteen stages developers will develop the new system. SSADM is very costly for larger project and also have to write several docmentation for maintaining. But the documentation is not worthfull because they will have mostly diagramatic representation. ETHICS will also maintain the document but it will have full details clearly. In ETHICS they will develop project according to organisation objectives, so they itself analyse about present situation and going for new one. For example, In real time world microsoft introducing MS-Word in different version. Each and every version will overcome the drawback of existing version. In SSADM, client will give requirement so they have to analyse about that according to that developers have to start to develop. In ETHICS, outside the team members also act as a problem solver due to this the output will be very efficient. In SSADM only developers are the problem solver because they only will have knowledge about technical side. When comparing ETHICS with SSADM, ETHICS will look like very efficient methodology because that methodology widly used for different field. Even it having several advantage some disadvantage also available in this. people should communicate with each other and have to share idea in every stage. In SSADM drawbacks are high cost as well as need communication with experience person to gain knowledge. It not suitable for all kind of systems.